J. D. Warren

Publication Date

1990

Document Type

Report

DPIRD Collections

Grains and field crops

Abstract

Trial 90AB15. 90N68, 90EB39

Canola : assessment of early maturing Stage 2 lines.

Location: Katanning, Newdegate Research Station, East Beverley Annex

Production of Canola in medium rainfall zones offers the opportunity for a rapid expansion of the industry. However presently recommended varieties take too long to mature for the area's shorter growing season. The Stage 2 trials assess Canola lines selected on the basis of earliness from the remnants of Dr Roy's now defunct rapeseed breeding programme as well as selections from Eastern States breeding programmes. The trials arc conducted at three sites to account for environmental effects on cultivar performance.

Trial 90AB16, 90N69, 90EB40, 90WH81

Early maturity triazine resistance.

Location: Wongan Hills Research Station.

90AB16 : as for 89AB15 plus Atrazine(2.01/ha), 14.6.90 on + triazine treatments. 90N69 : as for 90N68 plus Simazine(2.01/ha), 4.6.90 on + triazine treatments. 90EB40 : as for 90EB39 plus Simazine(2.01/ha), 12.6.90 on + triazinc treatments. 90WH81: J. Ferguson, T Mouritzen, Wongan Hills Research Station.

Trials 90NO113 and 90NO114 were abandoned due to insect damage at establishment.

Trials 90AB13, 90AB14

Stage 1 Early Maturity Selections

Location: Katanning.

The recently ended WA Canola rapeseed breeding programme had concentrated on developing lines for high rainfall environments and had selected against early maturity because these lines had reduced yields under this environment. Single plants, selected on the basis of early flowering and maturity, were taken from the row assessments in 1989. These were sown in rows again in 1990 at Katanning. Lines that showed appropriate attributes in 1989 were sown in 10m plots for yield assessment.

Trial 90KA103

Late Maturity Stage 2

Location: Kojonup.

The higher rainfall areas still remain an option for Canola cropping especially in times of low wool prices or if farmers have specialized in cropping. Within the local breeding programme a number of new lines suited to this area have been identified as having up to 30% more yield than the present recommended varieties and there is a need for a more comprehensive assessment.

Trial 90KA104

Late Maturity triazine resistance.

The use of triazine herbicides on rapeseed provides a reliable and relatively cheap form of broadleaf weed control for the crop. Although triazine resistant Canola has been • developed for some time yields have been are up to 40% lower than present varieties in weed free conditions. Recent research has shown that new lines can yield at least the same as present varieties making them a better prospect for commercial release.

Trial 90MT65

Blackleg race trial

Location: Mt. Barker Research Station.

Blackleg remains the major disease of rapeseed in Australia, and particularly in Western Australia. New cultivars for the southern regions of Australia require high levels of 616 resistance to Blackleg to perform successfully. To keep track of the various races of the blackleg fungus the W.A. Department in conjunction with Dr P Salisbury of the Victorian Ag Department conducts trials to measure changes in susceptibility of known cultivars as well as investigating which forms of Blackleg are infecting the cultivar.

Trial 90MT62

Interstate variety trials

Location: Katanning, Mt. Barker Research Station

High performance, commercially released and experimental lines of Canola rapeseed are tested in trials throughout Australia under a range of environments. These trials are part of the testing program with a site in a medium rainfall zone of Western Australia for the first time.

Trial 90KA106, 90KA108, 90KA111, 90WH82

Canola rotation trials.

Location: Katanning, Frankland, Wongan Hills Research Station, Newdegate Research Station

The role of Canola as a break crop is generally acknowledged but poorly quantified. This research aims to collect the appropriate information on breakcrop value over a range of cropping rotation options.

Trial 90KA107, 90KA109, 90KA119, 90WH83

Canola nitrogen trials

Location: Katanning, Frankland, Wongan Hills Research Station.

Current nitrogen recommendations for Canola are based on research conducted in the 1970's. Since then the introduction of new Canola varieties has seen potential yields improve dramatically and the development of earlier maturing lines expand the areas for production. Also, changes in cropping systems has increased the rotations in which Canola can be included. These factors combine to create a need to reassess nitrogen requirements of Canola.

Trial 90MT62

Interstate variety trials

Location: Katanning, Mt Barker,

High performance, commercially released and experimental lines of Canola rapeseed are tested in trials throughout Australia under a range of environments. These trials are part of the testing program with a site in a medium rainfall zone of Western Australia for the first time.

Trial 90KA106, 90KA108, 90KA111, 90WH82, 89N45

Canola rotation trials

Location: Katanning, Frankland, Wongan Hills Research Station, Newdegate Research Station

The role of Canola as a break crop is generally acknowledged but poorly quantified. This research aims to collect the appropriate information on breakcrop value over a range of cropping rotation options.

Trial 90KA107, 90KA109, 90KA119, 90WH83

Canola nitrogen trials

Location: Katanning, Frankland, Wongan Hills Research Station

Current nitrogen recommendations for Canola are based on research conducted in the 1970's. Since then the introduction of new Canola varieties has seen potential yields improve dramatically and the development of earlier maturing lines expand the areas for production. Also, changes in cropping systems has increased the rotations in which Canola can be included. These factors combine to create a need to reassess nitrogen requirements of Canola.

Trial 90KA112, 90KA114, 90A23, 90EB41

Canola seeding rate trials

Location: Katanning, Kojonup, Avondale Research Station, East Beverley Annexe

The new Canola cultivars are not only higher yielding than the older types but are also considerably shorter. This work investigates if the reduction in stature requires an increase in seeding rate for the expression of optimum yield.

Trial 90KA110

Stubble residue

Location: Frankland,

Poor pasture and crop germination and performance following Canola is occasionally reported by farmers. In particular there is a general opinion in the farming community that clover performs poorly following Canola. However the reverse has been observed by the authors and some farmers.In cases where the problem has occurred the common factor appears to be excessive Canola stubble either on the surface or incorporated. This trial is testing what levels of stubble will give the effect on a range of crops and on clover.

Trial 90KA105, 90MT63,

Linseed.

Location: Katanning, Mt Barker Research Station,

The advent of "Linola" linseed means that linseed oil can be used for human consumption. This work is part of an Australian wide project to determine the yield capabilities of the lines over a range of environments. The research is being done in collaboration with Dr Alan Green from CSIRO in Canberra.

Trial 84KA28

Gypsum x tillage x nitrogen in continuous crop

Location: Katanning

Twenty per cent of the soils in the Katanning Advisory District are hard setting grey clay loamy sands. Crop establishment problems and waterlogging are a feature of this soil type. The use of gypsum to improve soil structure coupled with continuous cropping using the direct drilling method should enable these soils to become more productive.

Trial 87KA47, 89KA71, 90KA115, 90KA116, 90KA117, 90KA118

Gypsum x tillage x nitrogen in a cereal x medic rotation.

Location: Katanning

Results from this trial have demonstrated the superiority of the medic-crop over continuous cropping. In 1989 various tillage treatments were superimposed over the standard district practice and direct drill plots to investigate the effect of varying crop tillage on medic establishment and performance. This year the trial is in the medic phase and measurements on establishment and production were taken.

Trial 88KA73

The effect of gypsum on medic pasture production.

The application of gypsum to hardsetting soils has been shown to increase crop yields through improved soil structure particularly in relation to water infiltration. Research in 1988 suggested that gypsum applied in the year of Medic establishment could reduce both production and seed yield. The trial 88KA38 was continued to see if there is a residual gypsum effect and another trial was instigated to investigate whether there is differences between medic cultivars to the gypsum effect. In 1990 the trials were continued and new trials sown to further test residual effects of gypsum on medics.

Trial 88KA76

Effect of tillage x gypsum on medic regeneration.

Location: Katanning.

Limited sampling of tillage trials showed increased pasture regeneration with reduced tillage. This project aims to quantify and qualify this response in relation to soil structure, crop yield and pasture regeneration and production.

Trials:

89BA26: Cultivation/CDM Combine/Banding P for wheat after pasture.

89LG36: Conservation seeder evaluation and demonstration.

77M56 Minimum tillage heavy land : rotational

89ME88: The effect of crop tillage on subsequent pasture regeneration.

85S028: Minimum tillage under three rotations.

89SG17: Phosphate banding for wheat - Residual effects on Serena pasture.

77WH88: Minimum tillage investigations : rotational

82WH49: Times and depths of cultivation.

89W1-165: Cultivation and seeding methods

The effect of crop tillage practices on subsequent pasture performance has been poorly quantified in the past. Tillage in conjunction with herbicides would be the major factors affecting pasture seed bank. dynamics following cropping and there is a need for a better understanding of the process involved. The monitoring of long term tillage and other trials from Ron Jarvis' programme is an attempt to address the parcity of information on the role of tillage in the Icy farm system.

Number of Pages

58

Keywords

Western Australia

Disciplines

Agronomy and Crop Sciences | Biodiversity | Fresh Water Studies | Inorganic Chemistry | Organic Chemistry

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